The Basal Ganglia and Involuntary Movements
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
The Basal Ganglia and involuntary movements: impaired inhibition of competing motor patterns.
The basal ganglia are organized to facilitate voluntary movements and to inhibit competing movements that might interfere with the desired movement. Dysfunction of these circuits can lead to movement disorders that are characterized by impaired voluntary movement, the presence of involuntary movements, or both. Current models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction have played an important ro...
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How movements are selected is a fundamental question in systems neuroscience. While many studies have elucidated the sensorimotor transformations underlying stimulus-guided movements, less is known about how internal goals - critical drivers of goal-directed behavior - guide movements. The basal ganglia are known to bias movement selection according to value, one form of internal goal. Here, we...
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder, in which the capacity to execute voluntary movements is gradually lost. The clinical picture of PD includes t r e m o r, rigidity and bradykinesia. The pathologic hallmark of the disease is the degeneration of melanine-containing, dopaminerg i c neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, which leads to severe dopaminergi...
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We present a computational model that highlights the role of basal ganglia (BG) in generating simple reaching movements. The model is cast within the reinforcement learning (RL) framework with correspondence between RL components and neuroanatomy as follows: dopamine signal of substantia nigra pars compacta as the temporal difference error, striatum as the substrate for the critic, and the moto...
متن کاملProbing basal ganglia functions by saccade eye movements.
The basal ganglia (BG) are a group of subcortical structures involved in diverse functions, such as motor, cognition and emotion. However, the BG do not control these functions directly, but rather modulate functional processes occurring in structures outside the BG. The BG form multiple functional loops, each of which controls different functions with similar architectures. Accordingly, to und...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Archives of Neurology
سال: 2003
ISSN: 0003-9942
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.60.10.1365